Back George Santayana Afrikaans خورخي سانتايانا Arabic خورخى سانتايانا ARZ জৰ্জ ছান্তায়ানা Assamese Джордж Сантаяна Byelorussian George Santayana Catalan George Santayana Czech George Santayana Welsh George Santayana German George Santayana Esperanto
George Santayana | |
|---|---|
 A 1936 Time drawing of Santayana | |
| Born | Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás December 16, 1863 Madrid, Spain |
| Died | September 26, 1952 (aged 88) Rome, Italy |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Education | |
| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western philosophy |
| School | |
| Doctoral advisor | Josiah Royce |
| Notable students | Jacob Loewenberg,[1] Conrad Aiken, T. S. Eliot, Horace Kallen, Walter Lippmann, W. E. B. Du Bois, Edward Rand, Alain Locke, Van Wyck Brooks, Learned Hand, Felix Frankfurter, Max Eastman, Gertrude Stein, Wallace Stevens |
Main interests | |
Notable ideas | |
| Signature | |
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Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, known in English as George Santayana (/ˌsæntiˈænə, -ˈɑːnə/;[2] December 16, 1863 – September 26, 1952), was a Spanish-American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Born in Spain, Santayana was raised and educated in the US from the age of eight and identified himself as an American, although he always retained a valid Spanish passport.[3] At the age of 48, Santayana left his position at Harvard and returned to Europe permanently. His last will was to be buried in the Spanish Pantheon in Rome.
Santayana is popularly known for aphorisms, such as "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it",[4] "Only the dead have seen the end of war",[5] and the definition of beauty as "pleasure objectified".[6] Although an atheist, he treasured the Spanish Catholic values, practices, and worldview in which he was raised.[7] Santayana was a broad-ranging cultural critic spanning many disciplines. He was profoundly influenced by Spinoza's life and thought, and in many respects was a devoted Spinozist.[8]
- ^ John R. Shook (ed.), The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers, Continuum, 2005, p. 1499.
- ^ "the definition of Santayana". dictionary.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
- ^ George Santayana, "Apologia Pro Mente Sua", in P. A. Schilpp, The Philosophy of George Santayana (1940), 603.
- ^ George Santayana (1905) Reason in Common Sense, p. 284, volume 1 of The Life of Reason
- ^ George Santayana (1922) Soliloquies in England and Later Soliloquies, number 25
- ^ "Beauty as Intrinsic Pleasure by George Santayana". Archived from the original on April 26, 2018. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
- ^ Lovely, Edward W. (September 28, 2012). George Santayana's Philosophy of Religion: His Roman Catholic Influences and Phenomenology. Lexington Books. pp. 1, 204–206.
- ^ See his letters and works (such as Persons and Places; Soliloquies in England and Later Soliloquies)
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